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In recent years, we have seen Pharmaceutical company megadeals that saw Takeda acquiring Shire for a total value of $81.7 billion, Bristol-Myers Squibb’s acquisition of Celgene for $74 billion, AbbVie’s $63 billion acquisition of Allergan and the proposed acquisition of Alexion by AstraZeneca for $39 billion. All of these acquisitions continue to have a lasting impact on the leadership and staff at these companies which collectively employ hundreds of thousands of employees worldwide. In addition, there have been a plethora of product transfers between organisations with larger multi-national companies pruning portfolios, adding gene therapy and biotechnology divisions, and consolidating core assets.
Mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the Pharmaceutical/Biopharmaceutical industry are critical for organisations to implement strategic changes to their business. Whether it be to (a) future proof an organisation’s pipeline by accessing innovation, (b) obtain additional manufacturing capacity or (c) to divest non-core assets (products, facilities, etc.), companies continue to grow, modernise and evolve to meet the targets set out in their strategic plans.
When two or more organisations reach the ‘deal’ and it is announced that ‘A’ will take over ‘B’ or that A and B will share in ‘A-B’, or indeed that ‘A’ will sell part of their organisation to ‘B’, it is frequently followed by uncertainty and apprehension among internal stakeholders. This changing landscape tests an organisation’s ability to communicate the distinct ‘win-win’ elements of the deal. The Kübler-Ross change curve (see fig.1 below) is always worth having in mind during this transitional period of M&A and never fails in tracking internal stakeholder mindset, albeit with differing levels of severity.
Figure 1. Kübler-Ross Change Curve
The transition from pre-M&A to the post-M&A reality can be both fast and slow. The physical symbols of such transitions such as the company name, logo and headed paper can be changed in a matter of minutes but the hearts and minds of management and employees can lag significantly further behind. It can take years before a post M&A steady state is reached (sometimes never!) where full commitment to the change is obtained and all the anticipated ‘win-wins’ are realised.
Some acquired organisations are left to their own devices (pardon the pun medtech sector!) and they are run as true satellites whose contact with the corporate office is limited to communicating the positive financial results. In this scenario, the management team in-situ at the time of the M&A event are trusted to continue as-is and maintain the upward trajectory. Alternatively, and more commonly where there is a dominant merging partner, a strict cut-over timeline is applied for an acquired entity to morph into a fully incorporated affiliate. Typically, these sites implement corporate structures, policies and systems swiftly and assertively.
Where M&A becomes can be interesting is the cultural piece; everyone who has worked in an organisation through a merger or acquisition knows that there can be seismic shift in the objectives of the new organisation… not so much what the objectives are but, how the objectives are expected to be met. Post M&A, organisations frequently change structure with new reporting lines, new titles, merged departments, increased/reduced layers of management with revised spans of control. Systems of work can also change where new policies are cascaded into procedures which are followed with varying degrees of success. Supporting systems, software tools and information flows are further material changes which tend to require extensive training and oversight in the early periods post M&A.
When cultures collide in merging organisations, it has serious ramifications for business and its stakeholders. Industry is littered with mergers and takeovers that did not meet expectations simply because the cultural differences were too difficult to overcome. Naturally, organisations do not admit to failed mergers or acquisitions too often but some of the more interesting ones are referenced below.1 Very often the differences in personal and collective discipline, personified in the leadership differences in the two organisations, is challenging for the organisations to reconcile. Where rigid, structured and conservative management methods meet innovative and unorthodox management can be a recipe for M&A difficulties.2
At PharmaLex, we believe we have a unique understanding of the cultural challenges experienced during Mergers and Acquisitions. Having merged ourselves in 2017 into PharmaLex, we have insight in how to overcome the challenges of maintaining agility while benefitting from working in a bigger corporate environment, having economies of scale with an increased resource pool. In addition, we have supported numerous Quality and Regulatory functions through these challenging periods through Gap Assessments, Benchmarking Studies, Cultural Assessments, Staff Augmentation, Organisational Optimisation and Leadership Coaching and Mentoring. If you would like our team to assist you or your organisation with some of the challenges of changing culture, please connect with us to discuss on +353 1 846 4742 or contact@pharmalex.com
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